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architecture

Crac des Chevaliers

Successive builders reshaped a fortress on a strategically placed ridge.

Syria

Illustration of Crac des Chevaliers
Crac des Chevaliers · USURPR illustration

The story behind the place

The Hospitaller Order built Crac des Chevaliers between 1142 and 1271, followed by further Mamluk construction in the late thirteenth century. Its fabric records exchanges in fortified architecture during the Crusader and Islamic periods. Reading those layers reveals successive builders rather than a monument belonging to only one historical moment.

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Malbork Castle

Brick construction and repeated conservation shape this fortified monastery.

Poland